Cytokine Storm

Question: Consider the following statements:
(1) The term Cytokine storm is used in COVID 19 disease.
(2) A cytokine storm is an overproduction of immune cells and their activating compounds.
Choose the correct:

(a) Only(1)
(b) Only(2)
(c) Both (1) and (2)
(d) None of the above
Answer:(c)
Related facts:

  • Diseases such as covid-19 and influenza can be fatal due to an overreaction of the body’s immune system called a cytokine storm.

Cytokine storm:

  • A cytokine storm is an overproduction of immune cells and their activating compounds (cytokines), which, in a flu infection, is often associated with a surge of activated immune cells into the lungs.
  • The resulting lung inflammation and fluid buildup can lead to respiratory distress and can be contaminated by a secondary bacterial pneumonia — often enhancing the mortality in patients.
  • Cytokine storms are associated with a wide variety of infectious and noninfectious diseases.
  • The term was popularized largely in the context of avian H5N1 influenza virus infection, bringing the term into popular media.

Role of cytokines in the immune system:

  • Cytokines are signalling proteins that are released by cells at local high concentrations — a cytokine storm or CSS is characterised by the overproduction of immune cells and the cytokines themselves because of a dysregulation in the process.
  • A severe immune reaction, leading to the secretion of too many cytokines in the bloodstream, can be harmful since an excess of immune cells can attack healthy tissue as well.

By-Achyutanand Pandey

Links:
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-cytokine-storms-or-when-the-bodys-own-immune-system-leads-to-covid-19-deaths-6346145/
https://www.sinobiological.com/resource/cytokines/cytokine-storm
https://www.newscientist.com/term/cytokine-storm/